Feminism in international relations is a broad term given to works of those scholars who have sought to bring gender concerns into the academic study of international politics. In terms of international relations (IR) theory it is important to understand that feminism is derived from the school of thought known as reflectionism.[citation needed] One of the most influential works in feminist IR is Cynthia Enloe's Bananas, Beaches and Bases (Pandora Press 1990). This text sought to chart the many different roles that women play in international...
Kamis, 05 Agustus 2010
Marxist and Neo-Marxist international relations theories are paradigms which reject the realist/liberal view of state conflict or cooperation, instead focusing on the economic and material aspects. It purports to reveal how the economic trumps other concerns, which allows for the elevation of class as the focus of the study. Marxists view the international system as an integrated capitalist system in pursuit of capital accumulation. Thus, the period of colonialism brought in sources for raw materials and captive markets for exports, while...
In the study of international relations, neoliberalism refers to a school of thought which believes that nation-states are, or at least should be, concerned first and foremost with absolute gains rather than relative gains to other nation-states. This theory is often mistaken with neoliberal economic ideology, although both use some common methodological tools, such as game theory.
Activities of the International SystemNeoliberal international relations thinkers often employ game theory to explain why states do or do not cooperate;[1] ...
Liberalism holds that state preferences, rather than state capabilities, are the primary determinant of state behavior. Unlike realism where the state is seen as a unitary actor, liberalism allows for plurality in state actions. Thus, preferences will vary from state to state, depending on factors such as culture, economic system or government type. Liberalism also holds that interaction between states is not limited to the political (high politics), but also economic (low politics) whether through commercial firms, organizations or individuals....
Realism, also known as political realism (see also Realpolitik), is a school of international relations that prioritizes national interest and security over ideology, moral concerns and social reconstructions. This term is often synonymous with power politics.
Realist theories share the following key assumptions:
The international system is in a constant state of anarchy. There is no actor above states capable of regulating their interactions;...
The study of International relations as theory can be traced to E.H. Carr's "The Twenty Years Crisis" which was published in 1939 and to Hans Morgenthau's "Politics Among Nations" published in 1948.[4] International relations as a discipline is believed to have emerged after the First World War with the establishment of a Chair of International Relations at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth.[5] Early international relations scholarship in the Interwar years focused on the need for the balance of power system to be replaced with a system...
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Presiden pertama Republik Indonesia, Soekarno yang biasa dipanggil Bung Karno, lahir di Blitar, Jawa Timur, 6 Juni 1901 dan meninggal di Jakarta, 21 Juni 1970. Ayahnya bernama Raden Soekemi Sosrodihardjo dan ibunya Ida Ayu Nyoman Rai. Semasa hidupnya, beliau mempunyai tiga istri dan dikaruniai delapan anak. Dari istri Fatmawati mempunyai anak Guntur, Megawati, Rachmawati, Sukmawati dan Guruh. Dari istri Hartini...
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Dramawan dan penyair besar Inggris William Shakespeare dilahirkan tahun 1564 di Stratford-on-Avon, Inggris. Tampaknya dia peroleh pendidikan dasar yang lumayan tetapi tak sampai injak perguruan tinggi. Shakespeare kawin di umur delapan belas (istrinya umur dua puluh enam), beranak tiga sebelum umurnya mencapai dua puluh satu.
Beberapa tahun kemudian, dia pergi ke London, menjadi anak panggung dan penulis drama....
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Shalahuddin Al-Ayubi terlahir dari keluarga Kurdish di kota Tikrit (140km barat laut kota Baghdad) dekat sungai Tigris pada tahun 1137M. Masa kecilnya selama sepuluh tahun dihabiskan belajar di Damaskus di lingkungan anggota dinasti Zangid yang memerintah Syria, yaitu Nur Ad-Din atau Nuruddin Zangi.
Salahudin Al-Ayubi atau tepatnya Sholahuddin Yusuf bin Ayyub, Salah Ad-Din Ibn Ayyub atau Saladin/salahadin (menurut...
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Soe Hok Gie adalah Orang keturunan China yang lahir pada 17 Desember 1942. Seorang putra dari pasangan Soe Lie Pit —seorang novelis— dengan Nio Hoe An. Soe Hok Gie adalah anak keempat dari lima bersaudara keluarga Soe Lie Piet alias Salam Sutrawan, Soe Hok Gie merupakan adik dari Soe Hok Djie yang juga dikenal dengan nama Arief Budiman. Sejak masih sekolah, Soe Hok Gie dan Soe Hok Djin sudah sering mengunjungi perpustakaan...
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Mahmoud Ahmadinejad atau bisa dibaca Ahmadinezhad (bahasa Persia: ; lahir 28 Oktober 1956) adalah Presiden Iran yang keenam. Jabatan kepresidenannya dimulai pada 3 Agustus 2005. Ia pernah menjabat walikota Teheran dari 3 Mei 2003 hingga 28 Juni 2005 waktu ia terpilih sebagai presiden. Ia dikenal secara luas sebagai seorang tokoh konservatif yang mempunyai pandangan Islamis.
Lahir di desa pertanian Aradan, dekat...
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Karl Marx lahir di Trier, Prusia, 5 Mei 1818. ayahnya, seorang pengacara, menafkai keluarganya dengan relatif baik, khas kehidupan kelas menengah. Orang tuanya adalah dari pendeta yahudi (rabbi). Tetapi, karena alasan isnis ayahnya menjadi penganut ajaran Luther ketika Karl Marx masih sangat muda. Tahun 1841 Marx menerima gelar doktor filsafat dari Universitas Berlin, Universitas yang sangat di pengaruhi oleh Hegel...
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